CAMDOC Alliance

Secretariat
Rue du Trône 194
1050 Brussels
Belgium

Phone:
+32 26440020
E-mail: camdoc@camdoc.eu


ECH (European Committee for Homeopathy) www.homeopathyeurope.org

ECPM (European Council of Doctors for Plurality in Medicine) www.ecpm-europe.ch

ICMART (International Council of Medical Acupuncture and Related Techniques) www.icmart.org

IVAA (International Federation of Anthroposophic Medical Associations) www.ivaa.eu



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Updated 17.12.15


Downloads

CAMDOC response to CPME position paper on CAM (pdf)


EUROCAM
CAM 2020
The contribution of Complementary and Alternative Medicine to sustainable healthcare in Europe(pdf)


Model Guidelines for the Practice of Complementary Therapies (CAM) by Medical Doctors in the European Union
(pdf)


 

References

1 - World Health Organization (2002) Safety of Medicines. A guide to detecting and reporting adverse drug reactions: Why health professionals need to take action. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
2 - World Health Organization (2000) Antibiotic resistance: synthesis of recommendations by expert policy groups. Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics WHO/CDS/CSR/DRS/2001/10
3 - World Health Organization (2001) Legal Status of Traditional Medicine and Complementary/ Alternative Medicine: A Worldwide Review, Geneva, Switzerland
- World Health Organization (2002) Traditional Medicine Strategy 2002-2005, Geneva, Switzerland
4 - Astin JA (1998b) A review of the incorporation of Complementary and Alternative Medicine by mainstream physicians. Archives of Internal Medicine. 158: 2303-2310
5 - Ersdal G, Ramstad S, How are European patients safeguarded when using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)? Jurisdiction, supervision and reimbursement status in the EEA area (EU and EFTA) and Switzerland, CAM-Cancer Project, 28 October 2005; available at: www.cam cancer.org/mod_product/uploads/ camcancer_legal_report_%28FINAL%29.pdf
6 - WHO Global Atlas of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine (text volume and map volume). Kobe, Japan, World Health Organization, Centre for Health Development, 2005.
7 - Lindström B et al (2005) Salutogenesis. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 59:440-442
8 - Astin JA (1998) Why patients use alternative medicine: results of a national study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 279: 1548-1553
9 - World Health Organization WHO (2004) Guidelines on developing consumer information on proper use of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
10 - Lindström B et al (2005) Salutogenesis. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health;59;440-442
11 - Surtees P, Wainwright N, Luben R, Khaw KT, Day N (2003).Sense of coherence and mortality in men and women in the EPIC Norfolk United Kingdom prospective cohort study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 158:1202-1209.
12 - Rosenman RH. (1997) Do environmental effects on human emotions cause cardiovascular disorders? Acta Physiologica Scandinavica Suppl. 640:133-136.
13 - Kelner M (2000). The therapeutic relationship under fire. In: Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Challenge and Change edited by Merrijoy Kelner, Beverly Wellman. Harwood Academic Publishers.
14 - National Institutes of Health (NIH) Acupuncture. NIH Consensus Statement Online 1997 Nov 3-5; 15(5):1-34 (available at http:// odp.od.nih.gov/consensus/cons/107/107_ statement.htm).
15 - Dantas F Rampes H (2000) Do homeopathic medicines provoke adverse effects? A systematic review. British Homeopathic Journal. 89, Suppl 1:35-38
16 - Vickers A, Zollman C (1999) ABC of complementary medicine: Herbal medicine
British Medical Journal, 319: 1050–1053.
17 - Ernst E (2004) Challenges for phytopharmacovigilance. Postgraduate Medical Journal 80;249-250
18 - Fugh-Berman A, Ernst E (2001) Herb-drug interactions: review and assessment of report reliability. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 52:587–595.
19 - Williamson EM (2003) Drug interactions between herbal and prescription medicines. Drug Safety, 26:1075-1092
- Ernst E (2000). Prevalence of use of complementary/alternative medicine: a systematic review. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78:252-257.
- Steinsbekk A, Adams J, Sibbritt D, Jacobsen G, Johnsen R (2007) The profiles of adults who consult alternative health practitioners and/or general practitioners. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 25:86-92
- Harris P, Rees R (2000). The prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine use among the general population: a systematic review of the literature. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 8:88-96.
- Featherstone C, Godden D, Gault C, Emslie M, Took-Zozaya M (2003) Prevalence studyof concurrent use of complementary and alternative medicine in patients attending primary care services in Scotland. American Journal of Public Health, 93:1080-1082
- Menniti-Ippolito F, Gargiulo L, Bologna E, Forcella E, Raschetti R (2002) Use of unconventional medicine in Italy: a nationwide survey. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 58:61-64
- Roberti di Sarsina P, Ilaria Iseppato I: Why we need integrative medicine. EPMA Journal (2011) 2:5–7.DOI 10.1007/s13167-011-0065-2
-Roberti di Sarsina P and Tognetti Bordogna M: The need for higher education in the sociology of traditional and non-conventional medicine in Italy: towards a person-centered medicine. EPMA JournalDOI 10.1007/s13167-011-0102-1
- Wolf U, Maxion-Bergemann S, Bornhöft G, Matthiessen PF, Wolf M (2006). Use of complementary medicine in Switzerland. Forschende Komplementärmedizin, 13 Suppl 2:4-- Hanssen B, Grimsgaard S, Launsø L,Fønnebø V, Falkenberg T, Rasmussen NK (2005) Use of complementary and alternative medicine in the Scandinavian countries. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 23:57-62.
- Härtel U, Volger E (2004) Inanspruchname und Akzeptanz klassischer Naturheilverfahren und alternativer Heilmethoden in Deutschland - Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Bevölkerungsstudie [Use and acceptance of classical natural and alternative medicine in Germany- findings of a representative population-based survey] Forschende Komplement-ärmedizin und Klassische Naturheilkunde, 11:327-334.
-Thomas KJ, Coleman P (2004) Use of complementary or alternative medicine in a general population in Great Britain. Results from the National Omnibus Survey. Journal of Public Health, 26:152-157.
- Thomas KJ, Nicholl JP, Coleman P (2001). Use and expenditure on complementary medicine in England: a population based survey. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 9:2-11.
- Nilsson M, Trehn G, Asplund K (2001) Use of complementa y and alternative medicine remedies in Sw eden. A population-based longitudinal study within the northern Sweden MONICA Project. Journal of Internal Medicine, 250: 225–233.

20 - Effectiveness studies
General studies refering to the quality of CAM:
- Lawson ML, Pham B, Klassen TP, Moher D (2005) Systematic reviews involving complementary and alternative medicine interventions had higher quality of reporting than conventional medicine reviews. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 58:777-784.
- Klassen TP, Pham B, Lawson ML, Moher D (2005) For randomized controlled trials, the quality of reports of complementary and alternative medicine was as good as reports of conventional medicine. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 58:763-768.

Evaluation of acupuncture, anthroposophic medicine, homeopathy, neural therapy, herbal medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine:
- Melchart D, Mitscherlich F, Amiet M, Eichenberger R, Koch R (2005) Programm Evaluation Komplemantärmedizin (PEK) Schlussbericht (24/04/2005).

Acupuncture
Not-exhaustive list of observational studies:

- Linde K, Weidenhammer W, Streng A, Hoppe A, Melchart D. (2006) Acupuncture for osteoarthritic pain: an observational study in routine care. Rheumatology (Oxford), 45:222-227
- Melchart D, Weidenhammer W, Streng A, Hoppe A, Pfaffenrath V, Linde K. (2006) Acupuncture for chronic headaches–an epidemiological study. Headache, 46:632-641
- Linde K, Streng A, Hoppe A, Weidenhammer W, Wagenpfeil S, Melchart D. (2007) Randomized trial vs. observational study of acupuncture for migraine found that patient characteristics differed but outcomes were similar. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 60:280-287
- Weidenhammer W, Streng A, Linde K, Hoppe A, Melchart D (2007) Acupuncture for chronic pain within the research program of 10 German Health Insurance Funds-basic results from an observational study. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 15:238-246
- Weidenhammer W, Linde K, Streng A, Hoppe A, Melchart D (2007) Acupuncture for chronic low back pain in routine care: a multicenter observational study. Clinical Journal of Pain, 23:128-135.

Not-exhaustive list of systematic reviews:
- Bower WF, Diao M, Tang JL, Yeung CK (2005). Acupuncture for nocturnal enuresis in children: a systematic review and exploration of rationale. Neurourology and urodynamics, 24:267–272.
- Berman B, Ezzo J, Hadhazy V, et al. (1999) Is acupuncture effective in the treatment of fibromyalgia? Journal of Family Practice, 48:213-218.
- Casimiro L, Brosseau L, Milne S et al. Acupuncture and electroacupuncture for the treatment of RA (2003). Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, 3:CD003788.
- Ernst E, Pittler MH (1998). The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain: a systematic review. British Dental Journal, 184:443–447.
- Ernst E, White AR (1999). Acupuncture as a treatment for temporomandibular joint dysfunction: a systematic review of randomized trials. Archives of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, 125:269–272.
- Ernst E, White AR (1998). Acupuncture for back pain: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Archives of Internal Medicine, 158:2235–41.
- Ezzo J, Berman B, Hadhazy VA et al (2000). Is acupuncture effective for the treatment of chronic pain? A systematic review. Pain, 86:217–225.
- Ezzo J, Hadhazy V, Birch S, et al. (2001) Acupuncture for osteoarthritis of the knee: a systematic review. Arthritis and Rheumatism,44:819-825.
- Furlan AD, van Tulder M, Cherkin D, Tsukayama H, Lao L, Koes B, Berman B. (2005) Acupuncture and dry-needling for low back pain: an updated systematic review within the framework of the cochrane collaboration. Spine, 30:944-463
- Green S, Buchbinder R, Hetrick S (2005). Acupuncture for shoulder pain. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, 2:CD005319.
- He L, Zhou D, Wu B, Li N, Zhou MK (2004). Acupuncture for Bell’s palsy. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, 1:CD002914.
- Jedel E (2005). Acupuncture in xerostomia– a systematic review. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 32:392–396.
- Jewell D, Young G (2003). Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, 4: CD000145.
- Lee A, Done ML (2004). Stimulation of the wrist acupuncture point P6 for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, 3:CD003281.
- Lee H, Ernst E (2005). Acupuncture analgesia during surgery: a systematic review. Pain, 114:511–517.
- Lee H, Ernst E (2004). Acupuncture for GI endoscopy: a systematic review. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 60:784–789.
- Lee H, Ernst E (2004). Acupuncture for labor pain management: a systematic review.
American journal of obstetrics and gynecology,191:1573–1579.
- Lee H, Schmidt K, Ernst E (2005). Acupuncture for the relief of cancer-related pain - a systematic review. European Journal of Pain, 9:437–444.
- Linde K, Jobst K, Panton J. (2001) Acupuncture for chronic asthma. (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library. Issue 2, Oxford: Update Software.
- Manheimer E, White A, Berman B, Forys K, Ernst E (2005). Meta-analysis: acupuncture for low back pain. Annals of Internal Medicine, 142:651–663.
- McCarney RW, Brinkhaus B, Lasserson TJ, Linde K (2004). Acupuncture for chronic asthma. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, 1: CD000008.
- Melchart D, Linde K, Fischer P et al (2001). Acupuncture for idiopathic headache. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, 1: CD001218.
- Menniti-Ippolito F, Gargiulo L, Bologna E, Forcella E, Raschetti R (2002) Use of unconventional medicine in Italy: a nationwide survey. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 58:61-64
- Mukaino Y, Park J, White A, Ernst E (2005). The effectiveness of acupuncture for depression - a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Acupuncture in Medicine, 23:70–76.
- Pan CX, Morrison RS, Ness J, Fugh-Berman A, Leipzig RM (2000). Complementary and alternative medicine in the management of pain, dyspnea, and nausea and vomiting near the end of life. A systematic review. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 20:374–387.
- Park J, White AR, Ernst E (2000). Efficacy of acupuncture as a treatment for tinnitus: a systematic review. Archives of Otolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery, 126:489–492.
- Pittler MH, Ernst E (2005). Complementary therapies for peripheral arterial disease: systematic review. Atherosclerosis, 181:1–7.
- Pittler MH, Ernst E (2005). Complementary therapies for reducing body weight: a systematic review. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 29: 1030–1038.
- Proctor ML, Smith CA, Farquhar CM, Stones RW (2002). Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and acupuncture for primary dysmenorrhoea. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, 1:CD002123.
- Smith CA, Crowther CA (2004). Acupuncture for induction of labour. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, 1:CD002962.
- Smith CA, Hay PP (2005). Acupuncture for depression. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, 2:CD004046.
- Smith LA, Oldman AD, McQuay HJ, Moore RA (2000). Teasing apart quality and validity
in systematic reviews: an example from acupuncture trials in chronic neck and back pain. Pain, 86:119–132.
- Sok SR, Erlen JA, Kim KB (2003). Effects of acupuncture therapy on insomnia. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 44:375–384.
- Stener-Victorin E (2005). The pain-relieving effect of electro-acupuncture and conventional medical analgesic methods during oocyte retrieval: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Human Reproduction, 20: 339–349.
- Sze FK, Wong E, Or KK, Lau J, Woo J (2002). Does acupuncture improve motor recovery after stroke? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Stroke, 33:2604–2619.
- Trinh KV, Phillips SD, Ho E et al (2004). Acupuncture for the alleviation of lateral epicondyle pain: a systematic review. Rheumatology (Oxford), 43:1085–1090.
- van Tulder M, Cherkin D, Berman B, et al. (2001) Acupuncture for low back pain (Cochrane Review). In:The Cochrane Library. Issue 2, Oxford: Update Software.
- Vickers AJ. (1996) Can acupuncture have specific effects on health? A systematic review of acupuncture antiemesis RCTs. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 89:303-311.
- White AR, Ernst E (1999). A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of acupuncture for neck pain. Rheumatology (Oxford), 38:143–147.
- White AR, Rampes H, Ernst E (2002). Acupuncture for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, 2:CD000009.
- Zhang SH, Liu M, Asplund K, Li L (2005). Acupuncture for acute stroke. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, 2:CD003317.

Anthroposophic Medicine
Not-exhaustive list of observational studies:
- Hamre H, Witt C, Glockmann A, Ziegler R. Willich S, Kiene H (2007) Anthroposophic medical therapy in chronic disease: a four yearprospective cohort study. BMC Complement Alternative Medicine, 7:10
- Grossarth-Maticek R, Ziegler R (2007). Prospective controlled cohort studies on long-term therapy of ovarian cancer patients with mistletoe (Viscum album L.) extracts Iscador. Arzneimittelforschung, 57:665-678
- Grossarth-Maticek R, Ziegler R. (2006) Prospective controlled cohort studies on long-term therapy of breast cancer patients with a mistletoe preparation (Iscador). Forschende Komplementärmedizin, 13:285-292
- Carlsson M, Arman M, Backman M, Flatters U, Hatschek T, Hamrin E (2006) A Five-year Follow-up of Quality of Life in Women with Breast Cancer in Anthroposophic and Conventional Care. Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 3:523-531
- Heusser P, Braun SB, Ziegler R, Bertschy M, Helwig S, van Wegberg B, Cerny T (2006) Palliative in-patient cancer treatment in an anthroposophic hospital: I. Treatment patterns and compliance with anthroposophic medicine. Forschende Komplementärmedizin, 13:94-100.
- Heusser P, Braun SB, Bertschy M, Burkhard R, Ziegler R, Helwig S, van Wegberg B, Cerny T (2006). Palliative in-patient cancer treatment in an anthroposophic hospital: II. Quality of life during and after stationary treatment, and subjective treatment benefits. Forschende Komplementärmedizin, 13:156-166.

Not-exhaustive list of systematic reviews:
- Kienle GS, Kiene H (2007). Complementary cancer therapy: a systematic review of prospective clinical trials on anthroposophic mistletoe extracts. European journal of medical research, 12:103-119
- Kienle GS, Hamre HJ, Kiene H. (2004) Anthroposophical medicine: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 116:407-408
- Kienle GS, Kiene H, Albonico HU (2006) Anthroposophic medicine: health technology assessment report, short version.] Forschende Komplementärmedizin; 13 Suppl 2:7-18
- Kienle G, Kiene H, Albonico HU (2006) Anthroposophic Medicine Effectiveness, Utility, Costs Safety. Schattauer Verlag

Homeopathy
Not-exhaustive list of observational studies:
- Spence D, Thompson EA, Barron SJ (2005) Homeopathic Treatment for Chronic Disease: A 6-Year, University-Hospital Outpatient Observational Study. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 11(5):793-798.
- Witt CM, Lüdtke R, Baur R, Willich SN (2005) Homeopathic Medical Practice: Longterm results of a Cohort Study with 3981 Patients. BMC Public Health. 5(1):115.
- Güthlin C, Lange O, Walach H (2004).Measuring the effects of acupuncture and homoeopathy in general practice: An uncontrolled prospective documentation approach. BMC Public Health, 4:6
- Sharples F, van Haselen R, Fisher P (2003). NHS patiënts’ perspective on complementary medicine. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 11:243–248

Not-exhaustive list of systematic reviews:
- Kleijnen J, Knipschild P, ter Riet G (1991). Clinical trials of homeopathy, British Medical Journal, 302: 316-323
- Cucherat M, Haugh MC, Gooch M, Boissel JP (2000). Evidence of clinical efficacy of homeopathy – A meta-analysis of clinical trials. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 56:27–33
- Linde K, Clausius N, Ramirez G, Melchart
D, Eitel F, Hedges LV, Jonas WB (1997) Are the clinical effects of homeopathy placebo effects? A meta-analysis of placebocontrolled trials. Lancet, 350: 834-843
- Shang A, Huwiler-Muntener K, Nartey L, Juni P, Dorig S, Sterne JA, Pewsner D, Egger M (2005). Are the clinical effects of homoeopathy placebo effects? Comparative study of placebo-controlled trials of homoeopathy and allopathy. Lancet, 366:726–732
- Jacobs J, Jonas WB, Jimenez-Perez M, Crothers D (2003). Homeopathy for childhood diarrhea: combined results and metaanalysis from three randomized, controlled clinical trials. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 22:229–234
- Vickers A, Smith C (2006). Homoeopathic Oscillococcinum for preventing and treating influenza and influenza-like syndromes Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. CD001957
- Barnes J, Resch K-L, Ernst E (1997). Homeopathy for postoperative ileus? A metaanalysis. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 25:628–633
- Wiesenauer M, Lüdtke R (1996). A metaanalysis of the homeopathic treatment of pollinosis with Galphimia glauca. Forschende Komplementärmedizin und Klassische Naturheilkunde, 3:230–236
- Taylor MA, Reilly D, Llewellyn-Jones RH, McSharry C, Aitchison TC (2000). Randomised controlled trials of homoeopathy versus placebo in perennial allergic rhinitis with overview of four trial series. British Medical Journal, 321:471–476
- Bellavite P, Ortolani R, Pontarollo F, Piasere V, Benato G, Conforti A (2006). Immunology and homeopathy. 4. Clinical studies – Part 2. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: eCAM, 3:397–409
- Schneider B, Klein P, Weiser M (2005). Treatment of vertigo with a homeopathic complex remedy compared with usual treatments: a meta-analysis of clinical trials. Arzneimittelforschung, 55:23–29
- Ernst E, Barnes J (1998). Are homoeopathic remedies effective for delayed-onset muscle soreness? – A systematic review of placebocontrolled trials. Perfusion (Nürnberg), 11:4–8
- Ullman D (2003). Controlled clinical trials evaluating the homeopathic treatment of people with human immunodeficiency virus or acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 9:133–141
- McCarney RW, Linde K, Lasserson TJ (2004). Homeopathy for chronic asthma (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. CD000353
- McCarney R, Warner J, Fisher P, van Haselen R (2004). Homeopathy for dementia (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. CD003803
- Owen JM, Green BN (2004). Homeopathic treatment of headaches: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 3:45–52
- Smith CA (2003). Homoeopathy for induction of labour (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. CD003399
- Pilkington K, Kirkwood G, Rampes H, Fisher P, Richardson J (2005). Homeopathy for depression: a systematic review of the research evidence. Homeopathy, 94:153–163
- Pilkington K, Kirkwood G, Rampes H, Fisher P, Richardson J (2006). Homeopathy for anxiety and anxiety disorders: A systematic review of the research. Homeopathy, 95: 151–162
- Long L, Ernst E (2001). Homeopathic remedies for the treatment of osteoarthritis
– A systematic review. British Homeopathic Journal, 90:37–43
- Ernst E (1999). Homeopathic prophylaxis of headaches and migraine? A systematic review. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 18:353–357

21 - Cost-effectiveness studies
CAM in general:
- Smallwood C (2005). The role of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the NHS – an Investigation into the Potential Contribution of Mainstream Complementary Therapies to Healthcare in the UK.
- Canter PH, Coon JT, Ernst E (2006). Costeffectiveness of complementary therapies in the United Kingdom-a systematic review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 3:425-432.
- Herman PM, Craig BM, Caspi O (2005). Is complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) cost-effective? A systematic review. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 5:11.
- Maxion-Bergemann S, Wolf M, Bornhöft G, Matthiessen PF, Wolf U (2006). Complementary and alternative medicine costs - a systematic literature review.Forschende Komplementärmedizin, 13 Suppl 2:42-45.
- Canter PH, Thompson Coon J, Ernst E (2005). Cost effectiveness of complementary treatments in the United Kingdom: a systematic review. British Medical Journal, 331:880–881.

Acupuncture
- Ratcliffe J, Thomas KJ, MacPherson H, Brazier J (2006). A randomised controlled trial of acupuncture care for persistent low back pain: cost effectiveness analysis. British Medical Journal, 333:626.
- Reinhold T, Witt CM, Jena S, Brinkhaus B, Willich SN (2007). Quality of life and costeffectiveness of acupuncture treatment in patients with osteoarthritis pain. The European Journal of Health Economics, 1618-7598
- Thomas KJ, MacPherson H, Ratcliffe J, Thorpe L, Brazier J, Campbell M, Fitter M, Roman M, Walters S, Nicholl JP (2005) Longer term clinical and economic benefits of offering acupuncture care to patients with chronic low back pain. Health Technology Assessment, 9(32):iii-iv, ix-x, 1-109.
- Vickers AJ, Rees RW, Zollman CE, McCarney R, Smith CM, Ellis N, Fisher P, Van Haselen R, Wonderling D, Grieve R (2004) Acupuncture of chronic headache disorders in primary care: randomised controlled trial and economic analysis. Health Technology Assessment, 8(48):iii, 1-35.
- Witt CM, Jena S, Selim D, Brinkhaus B, Reinhold T, Wruck K, Liecker B, Linde K,Wegscheider K, Willich SN (2006). Pragmatic randomized trial evaluating the clinical and economic effectiveness of acupuncture for chronic low back pain. complementary medicine American Journal of Epidemiology, 164:487-496.
- Willich SN, Reinhold T, Selim D, Jena S, Brinkhaus B, Witt CM (2006) Costeffectiveness of acupuncture treatment in patients with chronic neck pain. Pain, 125:107-113.
- Witt CM, Reinhold T, Brinkhaus B, Roll S, Jena S, Willich SN (2008). Acupuncture in patients with dysmenorrhea: a randomized study on clinical effectiveness and costeffectiveness in usual care. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 198:166.e1-8.
- Wonderling D, Vickers AJ, Grieve R, McCarney R (2004). Cost effectiveness analysis of a randomised trial of acupuncture for chronic headache in primary care. British Medical Journal, 328:747-749.

Anthroposophic Medicine
- Hamre HJ, Witt CM, Glockmann A, Ziegler R, Willich SN, Kiene H (2007) Anthroposophic medical therapy in chronic disease: a four-year prospective cohort study. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 7:10.
- Hamre HJ, Witt CM, Glockmann A, Ziegler R, Willich SN, Kiene H (2006). Health costs in anthroposophic therapy users: a two-year prospective cohort study. BMC Health Services Research, 6:65.
- Hamre HJ, Becker-Witt C, Glockmann A, Ziegler R, Willich SN, Kiene H (2004) Anthroposophic therapies in chronic disease: the Anthroposophic Medicine Outcomes Study (AMOS). European Journal of Medical Research 9:351-360.
- Ritchie J (2001) A model of Integrated Primary Care: Anthroposophic Medicine. Department of General Practice and Primary Care, St Batholomew’s and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London
- Kienle G, Kiene H, Albonico HU (2006) Anthroposophic Medicine Effectiveness, Utility, Costs Safety. Schattauer Verlag

Homeopathy
- Witt C, Keil T, Selim D, Roll S, Vance W, Wegscheider K, Willich SN (2005). Outcome and costs of homeopathic and conventional treatment strategies: a comparative cohort study in patients with chronic disorders. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 13:79–86
- Trichard M, Chaufferin G Nicoloyannis N (2005). Pharmacoeconomic comparison between homeopathic and antibiotic treatment strategies in recurrent acute rhinopharyngitis in children. Homeopathy, 94:3–9
- Bornhöft G, Wolf U, von Ammon K, Righetti M, Maxion-Bergemann S, Baumgartner S, Thurneysen AE, Matthiessen PF (2006). Effectiveness, safety and costeffectiveness of homeopathy in general practice - summarized health technology assessment. Forschende Komplementärmedizin, 13 Suppl 2:19-29.
- Caisse Nationale de l’Assurance Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés (CNAMTS), Carnets Statistiques, Le secteur libéral des professions de santé (07/1998).
- Vainchtock A et al (2002) Descriptive and comparative study of patient-management by homeopathic GPs versus allopathic GPs. Value in Health 5: 468.

22 - World Health Organization WHO (2002) Traditional Medicines Strategy: 2002-2005. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland (document reference WHO/EDM/ TRM/2002.1)